Patient case for June 5, 2023

A 27 year old Hispanic female came in for her comprehensive eye exam, complaining of blurred distance and near vision without glasses. Her last eye exam was a year ago elsewhere – she was not prescribed anything at that time.

Her medical history includes irritable bowel syndrome, depression, and migraines. She takes amitriptyline, sumatriptan, trazadone, and is using a birth control implant.

Incoming vision is OD 20/20-1, OS 20/25-3. Pupils and EOMs are normal.

Retinoscopy is plano in both eyes with visual acuity OD 20/20, OS 20/40+1. Refraction doesn’t yield any change for the left eye and it seems to be fluctuating throughout refraction.

Anterior segment is clear before drops, IOPs are 17 mmHg, 15 mmHg OD/OS, respectively. Posterior segment is clear with moderate cups of 0.65 round OD, 0.60 round OS and a vitreoretinal tuft in the left eye. Another look at anterior segment shows diffuse epithelium disruption left eye and clear right eye after dilation.

Auto-refractor after dilation shows:
OD: -0.25-0.75×173  20/20-1
OS: -1.25 -0.75×164  20/30

Retinoscopy after dilation shows:
OD: +1.50-0.50×180
OS: +1.00-0.50×035

What are your differentials for the decreased vision in the left eye? What extra tests would you like to perform to rule your differentials in or out? How would you manage and counsel this patient at the end of today’s exam based on your different differentials?

I look forward to hearing your thoughts.

Mixed veggie stir fry

This recipe’s a good one for a quick meal when I have a lot of veggies that I need to finish before they go bad. Feel free to mix and match veggies as you desire. And when topped with the almond sauce – mm… soo good…

Stir fry
– bell pepper, chopped
– carrot, half cup, chopped
– snow peas, half cup
– zucchini, half cup, chopped
– asparagus, few stalks, chopped

Add your veggies to a skillet with oil of your choice (I used avocado oil, but you can also use coconut oil or extra virgin olive oil) and stir fry a few minutes until your veggies are to your desired crispness.

While the veggies are cooking, make the sauce.

Almond sauce
– 2 Tb coconut milk
– 2 Tb almond butter
– 1 Tb tamari
– 1 tsp maple syrup
– 1/8 ground ginger or 1 tsp freshly grated ginger

Mix the almond sauce ingredients together. Feel free to add some minced garlic or red pepper flakes if you’d like. Add some water if the sauce is too thick.

Top veggies with the almond sauce, serve with a side of brown rice, and eat. Enjoy!

Create Your Space

My third year summer, I had an attending who charged his clinicians with bringing something to personalize their exam rooms. He said that patients will often remember and go back to their doctors that they could make a connection with, and personal touches in the exam space was one way to help that. So that summer, I brought in a photo of my family that we had taken at Disney World and placed it on my already crowded countertops every day I worked with that attending.

Not one of my patients then commented on that picture, but the idea of making my space welcoming for myself and my patients stuck with me since.

I haven’t talked about bringing pictures or mementos to clinic to my clinicians, but I have commented here and there on the importance of exam room image. It’s one thing for a clinician and doctor to look well-kept and presentable to patients. It’s another thing when multiple of my attendings that third year actually spoke of how the first impression of an exam room could help foster student-patient interactions by instilling confidence in yourself – or not. You can be the best clinician in the world, but if your room looks like a mess with paper towels, used sodium fluorescein strips, and trial lenses all over the space, many of your patients will be put off and consider seeking their eyecare needs elsewhere.

Now when I see patients, I generally keep the desktop areas clear. What equipment is out (usually just my transilluminator, retinoscope, pinhole occluder, near card, and BIO) has its own designated space and I put things away right after each use. I leave all my other equipment in a drawer to pull out as needed. If I have to leave a patient momentarily in the exam room. I bring the room lights back up and make sure the patient chair is all the way down and slit lamps and chairs are all out of the way of the patient’s access to the door. You want to ensure your patient can easily exit in case an emergency occurs.

I know of doctors who, at their private practices, have painted their rooms specific colors to hep elicit a calming effect on patients. If you know of feng shui, then you’ll know that a lot of red colors and tones tend to bring out more aggression and anger – probably not the best emotion you want to evoke during exams.

The idea of being mindful of your work space is part of a greater overall consciousness of making your space your own and making it work for you. Since I have a desk I typically work at that’s not an exam room, I Have continued to keep the practice of keeping my space mostly clear of paperwork and everything put away in its place until needed, including my laptop and phone. My only ‘decor’ are two plants and a turtle a couple of my students have gifted to me in the past, which bring me joy every time I look at them. All of this helps keep my focus on mentoring clinicians and taking care of my patients rather than being distracted by an unkept space.

I keep this mentality at home too in my office. Whenever I sit down there, I always feel inspired to work and write and create because my space is light and clear and inviting. Most of the time, I’ll work in silence, because I’ve learned that’s how I work best, minimizing even sound distractions especially if I’m studying or writing. If I’m doing something more creative though, then the music will be on to help keep my mood energetic and happy.

Wherever you are, try to be mindful of the space around you and consciously make an effort to make it conducive to your study and work needs, for yourself and for those who will be entering your space and interacting with you.

Patient case for May 30, 2023

For today’s case, let’s talk about Bell’s Palsy.

A 50  year old Hispanic female came in with a complaint of vision changing on the left side for the last 1.5 months. She is currently using OTC +2.75 reading glasses, which aren’t working well. She also reports more photophobia, watering, and dull pain on the left side. She was diagnosed with Bell’s Palsy on the left side of her face since mid-February. Health-wise, there is nothing else going on and she is not taking any medications.

Uncorrected visual acuities are OD 20/20, OS 20/40 with no improvement on pinhole, retinoscopy, or refraction for the left eye. Confrontation  testing of pupils, EOMs, and fields are normal. IOPs are OD 17 mmHg, OS 16 mmHg.

Anterior segment findings show mild and equal mild meibomian gland dysfuction, 1+ NS, and vitreous syneresis of both eyes. In addition, the left eye shows a mild papillary response and significant NaFl staining response on the cornea, mostly the inferior half. Posterior segment was unremarkable in both eyes with C/Ds of 0.55 and 0.50.

How would you counsel this patient in terms of their symptoms and vision? What therapeutic recommendations would you make, and how soon would you like to see this patient back? How would you address their concerns about Bell’s Palsy in general? As always, leave your feedback in the comments below.

The right way to study

I was super frustrated when I was taking my biochem class in undergrad. It seemed like no matter how hard I tried to memorize these metabolic pathways, I just couldn’t get it down. I was in a study group with two of my friends and classmates and although they were trying their best to break it down for me, it still wasn’t making any sense.

A few days before my that biochem final, it finally hit me. My way of studying for my classes needed to change. Memorizing for the sake of memorizing rather than understanding was not going to work anymore. I was already on course to fail the class and I was getting disheartened.

As I sat in my room, studying on my own, I found myself staring and staring at my notes trying to make sense until finally, it clicked. It was a subtle shift for me but one that impacted the way I studied after that – I realized that if I made a story out of the Krebs cycle and whatever else we were covering that quarter, it suddenly made sense. Compounds could be modified only in a specific chain reaction in order to achieve the desired end result. There was a ‘story’ of sorts in the biochemical reaction where things had to follow in a step by step fashion in order to work. For some reason, translating this cycle into a ‘story’ made it make sense to me for the first time all quarter and I was able to pass the class easily after excelling on the final exam.

In high school and early college classes, it was really a lot easier to just memorize a bunch of things and let it all back out for exams and move on. However, optometry school has courses and concepts that continue to build upon previously learned material. Straight memorization will not cut it and you’re going to be required to put anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, optics, behavioral health, psychology, and more all together in order to help the patient in your chair. The sooner you can solidify your foundation in basic concepts, the easier it will be to integrate it all later when you’re faced with increasingly complex patients in front of you.

But does that mean I recommend you should make a story out of your material when you try to study? If it works for you, great. If not, try something else. I had classmates who re-wrote their notes, color-coded, and organized their thoughts in a more pattern like way. Other classmates thrived in study groups and being able to bounce off their learning points with others. I personally needed a quiet, clear space to concentrate most of the time, but found study groups or office hours to be helpful when I needed extra clarification.

The point is to recognize early on what doesn’t work and figure out what does. You don’t want to go through your whole optometric education, come to boards, and realize that the fundamentals aren’t solid and you were just repeating facts this entire time rather than understanding why. You’ll get much more out of your education this way.

Happy studying!

Kimchi stuffed baked sweet potato

Lately, I’ve been needing something more warm and comforting. The weather in the bay area has continued to fluctuate between hot and cold, which has me going back and forth between finding happiness in my green smoothies and wanting more comfort food.

This recipe is the latter.

I had some extra kimchi that I needed to finish and wanted to try to incorporate it into a meal rather than have it on its own. What started out as an experiment turned into a delicious meal that surpassed my expectations. And it was super easy.

For an easy meal for one, take one sweet potato and bake it at 400F for 45 minutes.

While that’s baking, assemble your filling – for me, I used 1/3 cup chopped raw white kimchi (which I get at my neighborhood Sprouts Market) with 1/4 cup cilantro sprouts. For my sauce, I mixed a bit of vegan mayonnaise with sweet red chili sauce.

Once the sweet potato is done and cooled, I split and filled it with the filling and sauce. I didn’t think about it until afterward but I know I could have also added a topping of edamame and sesame seeds as well.

And voila! Easy, delicious meal with minimal prep needed. Enjoy!

Patient case for April 10, 2023

At the community clinics where I work, I often work with interesting and challenging patients – some more so than others. It’s always fun going over the details with my students and with colleagues, trying to figure out how we may approach this one patient differently or treat them the same. Here is one such case I’d like to share with you today:

The patient is a 46 year old Caucasian male coming in for his comprehensive eye exam who is complaining of near blur with his current reading glasses. He admits that he doesn’t wear his distance glasses often, and also reports blinking a lot at night.

Health-wise, he is being treated for hyperlipidemia for which he’s taking Lipitor and prediabetes, which is not being medically treated. He has no allergies.

Pupils are normal, confrontation field testing are full, and he is ortho in the distance.

Incoming vision:
OD: +1.00 -2.75 x 167  20/40
OS: +0.75 -0.75 x 108  20/20-2
Add: +1.25

Refraction:

OD: +1.00 -3.50 x 167  20/30
OS: +1.25 -0.75 x 018  20/20

For ocular health, Goldman tonometry is 11/11 mm Hg. Anterior segment shows mild staining inferior corneal staining OU. Posterior segment is generally unremarkable with C/D’s of 0.40round OU.

What’s the reason for this patient’s decreased vision in the right eye?

What additional testing could you do to rule in or out your differential diagnoses?

What are your optical recommendations for this individual?

If this patient gives you their DMV form to fill out, would you recommend that this patient be allowed to drive?

Post your thoughts in the comments below.

Basic Green Smoothie Recipe

In 2017, I started working with a personal coach to deal with a variety of things in my life. One of the first things she suggested was to go gluten free and increase my veggie and fruit intake. I had some health things going on at the time and I decided it couldn’t hurt to try.

Here we are almost 6 years later, and I’ve pretty much stuck with that switch. My head is less foggy, my skin is more clear, and overall, I feel like I have more energy.

Now, I will be the first to say I am not a dietician in any shape or form, but I do say that everyone can benefit from more fruits and veggies in their diet so why not give it a try for yourself? It helps that I start with this smoothie recipe pretty much every work day:

– 1 cup water
– 2 cups lacinato kale
– 3 ribs celery
– 1 tsp spirulina
– 2 Tb seeds/nuts
– 1 Tb almond butter
– 1 banana
– 1/2 cup frozen wild blueberries
– 1/2 cup frozen fruit

Blend this all together in your blender of choice and voila, a tasty green smoothie to start your day!

Do I stick with this every day? No. Sometimes, I have spinach or other mixed greens instead of kale. For seeds and nuts, I switch from sesame and sunflower seeds to pumpkin and flaxseeds. Sometimes I opt out of the banana, or switch the almond butter with fresh avocado. For the second frozen fruit, sometimes I add more berries or mango or whatever else I have in the freezer. Sometimes I add cocoa powder to sweeten things up, and sometimes I add powdered ginger to warm it up. Sometimes, I even add leftover parsley or cilantro that’s hanging around (can’t share that with my husband though, he doesn’t like that taste). Basically, I use up whatever greens and fruits I have in my fridge and freezer that’s handy.

There’s no right or wrong way to do this, you can add or subtract and adjust however your taste buds want. This has definitely helped me keep up with my intake of greens and fruits and generally keeps me full and fueled through the rest of the morning until lunch.

Try it out and let me know what you think. Cheers to your health!

Dreading Clinic?

I knew heading into the last 10 weeks before graduation that I would be working with one of the most difficult attendings on campus. I had heard of classmates going home crying after clinic because of how they stupid they felt, like they weren’t enough, like they shouldn’t be there.

 

After one day working with him, I felt the same. I didn’t cry, but I did feel grossly inadequate in my skills, in my thinking, in everything I did with regards to clinic. And that sense of low self-worth was affecting my other clinic days. Where I had gone in confident in my skills and thought processes, I was now second guessing every single thing I was doing.

 

Looking back, I can see why that doctor did what he did. In his own way, he was pushing us to stand up for why we were doing what we were doing. He wasn’t questioning us just to make us feel stupid. He was questioning us to make sure we had the right foundation and mentality to approach clinical care, to point out where our gaps were and make sure we recognized them too.

 

At the time though, it certainly didn’t feel like that, and I dreaded that one day a week working with him. Each week, I mentally kept track of how many more times I’d have to endure the mental humiliation and discouraging comments. I suffered through it and just sucked it up until the session passed, knowing after graduation, I’d no longer have to work with him.

 

I wish that I had a better coping mechanism then. This was before the importance of mental health was more globally recognized. This was also before I knew how to better stand up for myself and vocalize my needs, before I knew how to articulate that this was not a conducive way to my learning, especially with just weeks left before graduation.

 

So when one of my recent students came to me saying her next rotation was at a clinic she was not looking forward to, I had to stop her and ask her why – because I did not want her to follow in my footsteps of just sucking it in, going to clinic to do what she needed to do, and not get the most of her learning and education.

 

We both knew she’d be getting a lot out of the clinic she was going to. It was another community clinic where the population would challenge her understanding of systemic health and its connection to the eyes and vision. We knew she’d be challenged by the language barriers of that population, with the increased difficulty of being able to get the information she needed to do her exam and convey the results and appropriate management in a way the patient could understand. And like me, she’d be ending her spring before graduation with an attending whose energy she knew she didn’t match well with.

 

So I gave her these tips as a way to center and refocus. I suggested that she get a bottle of essential oils that calmed and soothed her and smell that each day before she left her car to go into clinic as a way to ground her and calm her down before the craziness of clinic started. If she didn’t want to do that, I suggested she write down her why for what got her motivated in pursuing optometry in the first place – to help other people – and keep that reference close and handy whenever she started losing her motivation and confidence in clinic. If she didn’t want to do, I suggested she find some other inspirational quote or prayer to put on repeat in her head and focus on that when she was feeling low. I don’t know what, if any, of these methods she chose to do, but in the end, she graduated and is now working in the real world.

 

The point of this though was to find out what way or ways are best for you to keep you going when the days are rough. If you’re facing waves of exams or boards coming up, or attendings or clinics that are outside your comfort level, or patients or colleagues who push your buttons, it’s good to have some tools ready to get you centered and focused.

 

Put together that playlist of feel good, upbeat music. Have that list of inspirational quotes ready for motivation. Keep that essential oil or crystal or touchstone close at hand.

 

Start building that toolbox now so that when you need it later on, you don’t get lost in the overwhelm and start heading down a downward spiral that’s really hard to get out of.